Field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted interest as primary candidates for the fabrication of state-of-the-art sensor platforms because they can achieve high current amplification with a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio. Importantly, one-dimensional nanomaterials that exhibit high charge carrier mobility along their long axes can be used in highly sensitive biosensors. Among the...
Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), is being widely applied in various fields such as aerospace, automotive, bioengineering, and architecture due to its advantages in constructing complex geometric structures, highly customized production, and minimizing material waste. However, FDM, which mostly utilizes thermoplastic resins as...
The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels has played a significant role in global warming, leading to increased risks of hazards and disasters compounded by climate change. To address these challenges, it is crucial to develop a new energy economic paradigm that can achieve carbon neutrality and mitigate the impacts of climate change. In this study, we...
With the intensifying severity of climate change, the role of electric vehicles as a critical solution for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the road transport sector has been underscored. However, lithium-ion batteries, a central component of electric vehicles, are known to significantly contribute to GHG emissions due to their use of energy-intensive materials and manufacturing...
Berlin's electricity industry has had a significant impact on the city's geography, with numerous sites and buildings bearing witness to its industrial heritage. This research aims to investigate the status, spatial characteristics, preservation, and utilization of key heritage sites to gain a deeper understanding of Berlin's industrial heritage associated with the electricity industry.
The...
Nanoscale catalytic materials are key components of various electrochemical devices for storing and converting renewable energy, such as fuel cell, water splitting and CO2 electrolysis system.[1-7] Their successful development and optimization require insight into the relations between atomic-scale structure of the catalytic interface and their electronic structure to improve the...
Various studies are being conducted on the prediction of fuel oil consumption of marine diesel engines [1,2]. Fuel oil is a fundamental element that moves ships and accounts for a large portion of operating costs. The vast accumulation of data, the improvement of computer performance, and the development of artificial intelligence technology make it possible to predict marine fuel oil...
In this study, we propose an optimized gate electrode structure of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), improving 109.71% in breakdown voltage as compared to the basic T-gate structure. First, we varied the gate-head lengths of the basic T-gate HEMT. The length of gate-head-top (L_(Gate-Head-Top)) and gate-head-bottom (L_(Gate-Head-Bottom)) of the basic T-gate HEMT were 0.6 μm...
The organic interfacial compounds are required as highly stable linker between bioprobe and 2D nanomaterial such as graphene. During the fabrication process of nanobiosensor via micro electromechanical system (MEMS) process, the covalent stable functionalization on large-scale graphene and less toxic chemical to humans are needed. Although, π-π interaction-based interfacial chemical such as...
Forsythia koreana (Oleaceae), a perennial shrub, is widely distributed in east Asia. From the F. koreana flowers, twenty phenolic compounds including four new ones were isolated through repeated column chromatographies and identified based on spectroscopic data such as 1D and 2D NMR, IR, FAB/MS, and CD. As well the examination of extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds was carried out...
Pathogenic microorganisms with harmful toxins can cause fatal effects and infectious diseases in humans. The concern is that there is a risk of easy exposure to bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. The development of diagnostic antibodies is clinically important in that biological agents associated with infectious pathogens can be diagnosed easily...
Background: The number of diabetic patients in Korea is rapidly increasing every year, and as of 2020, there are about 6.05 million diabetic patients over the age of 30, and one in six is said to be suffering from diabetes. However, considering the number of pre-diabetic and hidden patients, it is estimated that there will be a much larger number of diabetic patients than this.
In addition,...
This study investigates various oversampling methods for enhancing voice pathology detection using the pathological database of Eulji Medical Center. Voice pathology detection is crucial in diagnosing and treating speech disorders, but imbalanced datasets pose a challenge. The study utilizes the comprehensive pathological database from Eulji Medical Center, providing diverse voice pathology...
The practical utilisation of microstructures, including those in MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems), is currently advancing across diverse industries. The behaviour of materials at the micro-scale differs from that at the macro-scale, necessitating the assessment of fatigue life in micro-size specimens to ensure the reliability of microstructures (1). Typically, mechanical property...
This study aims to develop a technology for detecting leaks in water pipelines by deploying a robot inside the pipeline and controlling it to explore areas suspected of leaks. The robot design considers fluid dynamics to ensure stable operation inside the pipeline, which is validated through experimental testing. Additionally, visual and auditory sensors are utilized to collect information...
Altitude compensation nozzle can improve the performance of launch vehicle and reduce development cost by changing only the nozzle shape for the same engine. Among these altitude compensation nozzles, the ED (Expanion-Deflection) nozzle has an altitude compensation effect through a change in the effective nozzle exit area using a pintle fixed therein. In addition, the ED nozzle has the...
The ED nozzle is a type of altitude compensation nozzle that can be used for space launch vehicles. The ED nozzle forms an open wake with an effective area smaller than the normal nozzle exit area at low altitude. When the nozzle pressure ratio increases at high altitude, a closed wake is formed that increases the nozzle effective area. Transition is when the flow in an ED nozzle changes from...
This study aimed to develop an algorithm for measuring carotid artery stenosis using both deep learning and statistical models based on carotid ultrasound images. Carotid artery stenosis is a common clinical condition characterized by the narrowing of the carotid arteries, which are the major blood vessels that supply the brain. The condition is typically caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup...
An ED(Expansion Deflection) nozzle, suggested by G. V. R. Rao in the 1960s, is characterized by the presence of a pintle at the center of the nozzle[1]. With this structural feature, it was anticipated that the ED nozzle could achieve a reduced length compared to the bell nozzle while maintaining the same performance. To validate this, the European Space Agency(ESA) conducted research on...
Unlike a turbo pump cycle, an electric pump-fed cycle, which is one of the propellant supply systems for liquid rocket engine, uses an electric motor to drive a pump. unlike a turbo pump cycle. It is relatively simple in configuration compared to a turbo pump cycle, and is conducive to thrust control technology because a propellant flow rate can be adjusted by controlling a pump rotation...
An electric pump-fed cycle is a rocket engine cycle that uses an electric motor to drive a pump. Another cycle that uses a pump, a gas-generator cycle, uses some of propellants to drive a gas generator and turbine. In contrast, an electric pump-fed cycle has the advantage that all propellants can be used for thrust because it replaces turbine and gas-generator with an electric motor[1]. Also,...
The battery industry is currently growing by using lithium-ion batteries, which are used in various wireless machines and equipment due to their excellent storage capacity and energy efficiency. These outstanding performance features have expanded the range of battery applications beyond essential devices in modern society, such as automobiles, mobility devices, and smart gadgets, to diverse...
Contrails are trails of ice crystals formed by the exhaust of aircraft engines, and form in sufficiently cold and humid air when water vapour in the engine exhaust freezes into ice crystals. Although the physics of contrail formation and how they affect the climate are ambiguous, long-lived contrails, also referred to as aircraft-induced cloudiness (AIC), dominate the non-CO2 impacts of...
Understanding the combustion processes under transcritical or supercritical conditions is vital for optimizing combustion systems and advancing our knowledge of fluid dynamics under extreme conditions. In this study, we have investigated the phase change characteristics of cyclopentane, a surrogate fuel, under varying conditions near the critical point, using a high-pressure spray chamber...
The UK Government has funded a project called the Zero-Emission Multi-Fuel Station (ZEMFS), which aims to develop a novel multi-fuel station that can provide three fuelling options for small craft including liquid hydrogen, compressed gaseous hydrogen, and electric charging. This project is scheduled to be operational by March 2025. Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is used as the basis for fuelling...
In order to use hydrogen as fuel, it must be stored in transportation. The method of storing hydrogen can be divided into a physical storage method and a material-based storage method. In physical hydrogen storage methods, there are compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2), liquid hydrogen (LH2) and cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2). CGH2 can be handled easily, but the storage density is low. High...
Galectins, small soluble β-galactose-binding proteins, are expressed and secreted by tissue cells under normal and pathological conditions. Fifteen different galectins have been identified in mammals, with a subset (Gal-1, Gal-3, Gal-7, Gal-8, and Gal-9) known to be dysregulated during diseases such as cancer, infections, and inflammatory conditions like bowel diseases and arthritis. In these...
Globally, as an environmental regulation to reduce carbon emissions, research on weight reduction of automobiles is being actively conducted, and the mainly used material is being changed from steel to aluminum. Aluminum has a specific gravity of 1/3 that of steel, which is effective for weight reduction, but has a disadvantage of lower maximum strength and lower elongation than steel...
When fiber-reinforced composites are manufactured using 3D-printing technologies, many advantages like a high production efficiency, low costs, an easy accessibility and the possibility to tailor the fiber architecture directly and individually to desired load paths can be achieved. However, due to low mechanical properties and missing functional characteristics of the composite constituents,...
