Conveners
[BE7] Housing - academic and industrial collaboration for humans
- Nammyoung Hong (Master Student Historische Urbanistik, Technische Universität Berlin Master Student Historische Bauforschung und Denkmalpflege, Technische Universität Berlin)
Description
Housing is the social problem that lies close to human life, but at the same time, it is also the crystallization of technology that has been most affected by industrialization. As this EKC will be held in Germany, which led to the development of housing technology, I would like to propose the session topic related to housing.
In the industrial age, in Berlin and other parts of Europe, workers' houses were very narrow, unsanitary, and had poor conditions without light. House for poor workers or house for all has become a critical issue since then.(Engels, 1942) Amid this situation, in the early 20th century, Bauhaus rebelled against the existing art education and began to conduct new academic experiments combining art, crafts, and architecture. Thanks to Bauhaus' efforts, modern industrial design and modernist architecture began to blossom in Germany. However, not long afterward, due to Nazi atrocities and World War II, Bauhaus' modernism seemed to decline in Germany.(Droste and Bauhaus-Archiv, 2002)
Nevertheless, their academic achievements began to develop in the United States and the eastern bloc of Europe, including East Germany. Functionalism or industrialization and manufacturization of construction that Bauhaus insisted on appeared on a large scale.
For example, in the case of East Germany, the Bau Academy inherited the spirit of Bauhaus, and East German architects who belonged to it devoted their research to providing quality houses for everyone under the ideology of socialism.(Song, 2012) They tried to define elements of architecture and build houses faster and easier using prefabrication. With their effort, residential areas have become increasingly large complexes and respond faster to the needs of society. The idea of this Bauhaus continues in the Eastern bloc and is found not only in the United States but also in South Korean and North Korean apartments. (Lim, 2019; Meyer, 2019)
What kind of historical events have these apartments, built easily and quickly out of concrete, explicitly faced? How have apartments been transformed for humans? Are the apartments perfectly built along the ideals of Bauhaus? So how are these German-derived ideas being expressed around the world? Finally, what challenges do apartments face today?
The importance of residential areas is increasing through COVID-19, and as the real estate market fluctuates due to the economic crisis, the meaning of building and managing houses is emerging. I want to look at the changes in housing worldwide, including in Germany, and propose a time to discuss today's housing issues together.
Literature
Droste, M. and Bauhaus-Archiv (2002) Bauhaus, 1919-1933. Taschen.
Engels, F. (1942) The Housing Question. Lawrence and Wishart.
Lim, D. (2019) [Essay] 함흥, 한반도에 새겨진 바우하우스의 흔적, vmspace. Available at: https://vmspace.com/report/report_view.html?base_seq=NjQw (Accessed: 8 January 2023).
Meyer, U. (2019) 한국 건축에 간접적 영향을 미친 바우하우스, Goethe Institute. Available at: https://www.goethe.de/ins/kr/ko/kul/kue/bau/21601345.html (Accessed: 8 January 2023).
Song, C. (2012) ‘Prussian Engineering Education in Bauakademie (1799-1879)’, Chonnam Historical Review, (45), pp. 267–289.
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