Speaker
Description
The safety analysis in maritime industry relies on well-known and established methods. The guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) by IMO recommends using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), fault tree analysis (FTA), event tree analysis (ETA), and so on. The guidelines for the risk analysis of autonomous ships by the Norwegian Maritime Authority (NMA) and Det Norske Veritas (DNV) also suggests using similar traditional techniques, like hazard identification (HAZID), FMEA, FTA, ETA, and so on. However, there have been arguments that it may not be suitable or not efficient to apply these traditional methods to modern complex and software intensive marine systems. One of the most new and emerging methods for safety analysis of complex modern systems is the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). STPA is widely used in various sectors and domains, like aviation, automobile, cybersecurity, medical devices, aerospace, and so on, but there are not many applications in the maritime industry yet. The objective of this study is to discuss advantages and limitations of this new method for maritime industry. For this purpose, we have applied both traditional safety analysis methods and STPA to two marine vessels (autonomous ferry and battery ferry). After the thorough comparison and analysis of the results from different methods, we have concluded that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is recommended to use them complementary for safer marine systems.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research was supported by the 'Development of Autonomous Ship Technology (20200615)' funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF, Korea).
References
Leveson, N. G. (2016). Engineering a safer world: Systems thinking applied to safety. The MIT Press.
Leveson, N. G., & Thomas, J. P. (2018). STPA handbook. Cambridge, MA, USA.
MSC-MEPC2./Circ.12 (2018). REVISED GUIDELINES FOR FORMAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT (FSA) FOR USE IN THE IMO RULE-MAKING PROCESS
DNVGL-CG-0264 (2018). Autonomous and remotely operated ships
NMA (2020). Guidance in connection with the construction or installation of automated functionality aimed at performing unmanned or partially unmanned operations
| Keywords | Maritime safety, system-theoretic process Analysis, STPA, autonomous ferry, battery propulsion |
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